Bitten by a venomous snake? Do this immediately to save life

KATHMANDU: With Nepal entering its warmer and monsoon seasons, snakebite incidents are once again on the rise — particularly across the Terai, mid-hills, and other rural and agricultural regions.

Every year, thousands of Nepalese suffer from venomous snakebites, and many deaths occur not because treatment isn’t available, but because of delays or improper first aid immediately after the bite.

Rural areas — where access to well-equipped hospitals may take hours — are especially vulnerable. That’s why knowing exactly what to do in the first 30 to 60 minutes after a snakebite can be the difference between life and death.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), snakebite is a neglected tropical disease, and in Nepal, it’s one of the leading causes of death among farmers and rural children.

Many snakes in Nepal such as the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and Indian cobra (Naja naja) are highly venomous, and often strike when people are walking barefoot, sleeping on the floor, or working in fields.

Immediate First Aid for Snakebite Victims

If you or someone near you is bitten by a potentially venomous snake:

1. Stay Calm and Still

   • Movement increases venom spread. Try to keep the affected limb immobile and below heart level.

   • Reassure the victim. Panic can accelerate venom absorption.

2. Call Emergency Services Immediately

   • In many countries, dialing emergency services (e.g., 112, 911, or a local number if possible) is your fastest route to help.

   • Clearly describe the location, and if possible, the type or appearance of the snake.

3. Remove Tight Clothing and Jewelry

   • Swelling can occur rapidly. Remove rings, bracelets, watches, or tight garments near the bite site.

4. Apply a Loose Splint

   • Use a stick, rolled newspaper, or cloth to gently immobilize the limb, keeping it still.

5. Do NOT Do the Following:

   • ❌ Do not cut the wound or try to suck out venom

   • ❌ Do not apply a tourniquet – this can worsen tissue damage.

   • ❌ Do not drink alcohol or caffeine, which can speed up venom absorption.

   • ❌ Do not wait for symptoms – always assume the bite is serious.

6. Transport Safely to the Nearest Health Facility

   • If help is delayed, start arranging for the safest, fastest transport to a hospital equipped to handle envenomation.

Know Your Local Risks

Identify venomous snakes common in your area. Farmers, hikers, and rural workers should carry a basic first aid kit and consider snakebite training.

Anti-venom is the only effective treatment for many venomous bites – but time is critical.

Remember: The first hour is crucial. Act fast, stay calm, and get medical help.