China faces surge in HMPV cases, prompting global concern

KATHMANDU: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that typically causes mild illnesses resembling the common cold.

Symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, headache, and fatigue.

Though most cases resolve on their own, HMPV can sometimes lead to more severe respiratory issues, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, especially in young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

Recent Surge in China

Five years after the COVID-19 pandemic, China is now facing an outbreak of human metapneumovirus (HMPV).

In late December 2024, China witnessed a notable increase in HMPV cases, particularly among children under 14 years old.

Reports and social media posts indicate that hospitals are overwhelmed with infected patients, while crematories are struggling to cope with the surge.

Some users on social media suggest that several viruses, including influenza A, HMPV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19, are circulating across the country.

There are also claims that China has declared a state of emergency, though no official confirmation has been provided.

According to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, during the week of Dec 16 to 22, 2024, HMPV accounted for 6.2% of positive respiratory illness tests and 5.4% of hospitalizations due to respiratory illnesses.

This surge surpassed other viruses, including COVID-19, rhinovirus, and adenovirus.

The rise in cases has resulted in overcrowded hospitals and raised concerns among the public, with comparisons to the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In response, health authorities have implemented emergency measures and are closely monitoring the situation.

Global Monitoring and Response

Countries nearby, such as India, are keeping a close watch on the outbreak. India has reported multiple occurrences of HMPV, especially during the winter months, and is closely monitoring its spread.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and other international health organizations are also observing the situation in China, offering guidance and support as necessary.

Preventive Measures and Future Outlook

Currently, there is no specific vaccine or antiviral treatment for HMPV. Management involves symptom relief and supportive care.

Health experts emphasize the importance of preventive actions, such as frequent handwashing, wearing masks, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, to help curb the spread.

While the current outbreak in China is concerning, experts point out that HMPV is not a new virus, and similar outbreaks have occurred in the past without leading to a global pandemic.

Nevertheless, ongoing vigilance is crucial to prevent further spread and protect vulnerable populations.