Essential tips to prevent pneumonia this winter
Cold temperatures and the presence of viruses like influenza increase the likelihood of pneumonia infections.
KATHMANDU: As winter sets in, medical experts are advising people, especially children and the elderly, to take precautions against pneumonia, which becomes more prevalent in cold weather.
Cold temperatures and the presence of viruses like influenza increase the likelihood of pneumonia infections.
Previously, a lack of specialized healthcare services outside Kathmandu meant patients often had to seek treatment in the capital.
However, with improved access to specialized care in other parts of Nepal, the number of pneumonia-related deaths has decreased.
According to Prof. Dr. Sheetal Adhikari from Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, cold weather doesn’t directly cause pneumonia, but the conditions it creates—like increased viral activity—make it more likely.
“Cold weather doesn’t directly cause pneumonia, but viruses like influenza become more active in the cold, raising the risk of pneumonia,” he explained. While common symptoms like cough, cold, and fever are sometimes referred to as pneumonia, Dr. Adhikari clarified that a true diagnosis of pneumonia requires an X-ray showing white patches in the lungs.
Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs that can also result from viruses such as influenza and COVID-19, as well as bacteria and, in some cases, fungi.
He noted, “Individuals with conditions like uncontrolled diabetes or weakened immune systems are more susceptible to fungal pneumonia.” The infection typically causes symptoms like cough, fever, and chest pain.
In simpler terms, pneumonia involves inflammation or infection in one or both lungs, sometimes with fluid or pus around the infected area.
Dr. Adhikari explained that pneumonia can generally be classified as either bacterial or viral. With timely treatment, these types of pneumonia usually don’t leave lasting damage. However, some cases, such as COVID-19-related pneumonia, may cause lung scarring even after recovery.
Early treatment is crucial to prevent severe complications like pus formation. The likelihood of recovery largely depends on factors like the patient’s immune response, the timely use of appropriate antibiotics, and proper care.
The primary causes of pneumonia are viral and bacterial infections. Common viral causes include influenza and COVID-19, while bacterial infections are often due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can spread in crowded places.
To avoid pneumonia, Dr. Adhikari advised wearing masks in crowded spaces, avoiding close contact with individuals showing symptoms, and following COVID-19-era preventive measures. Vaccines for pneumonia are also available, offering additional protection.
In most cases, pneumonia is treatable if addressed promptly. However, about 10% of patients with compromised immune systems may not recover fully. “If there is significant fluid accumulation, severe pneumonia, or mucus retention, the condition can become complex,” he added.
Symptoms:
- Persistent cough
- Fever and chills
- Chest pain, especially during breathing or coughing
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue and weakness
- Increased mucus production (yellow, green, or even blood-tinged)
- Confusion or mental fog (particularly in older adults)
Prevention Tips:
- Get Vaccinated: Pneumonia and flu vaccines offer crucial protection.
- Wear Masks: Use masks in crowded areas, especially during flu season.
- Practice Good Hygiene: Wash hands frequently and avoid close contact with sick individuals.
- Avoid Smoking: Smoking damages lung health and increases pneumonia risk.
- Boost Immunity: Eat a balanced diet, stay active, and get enough rest to strengthen your immune system.
- Follow Cough Etiquette: Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing to prevent spreading germs.
